Cosmic Shoreline

Cumulative atmospheric loss calculator

Due to the nonlinear dependence of hydrodynamic escape on XUV flux, lower cumulative XUV does not necessarily mean lower cumulative atmospheric loss.

Star & Planet Input

Rocky Samples

Plot rocky planets below the radius valley, following the criterion described in Ji et al. 2025.

Atmosphere (select one or more)

`N₂/O₂ (N22)` and `H₂O` apply only to 1 Earth-mass planets.

X-ray model (select one or more)

EUV Extrapolation

Use the King & Wheatley 2020 scaling based on solar data, with separate relations for soft and hard X-ray emission:

L_EUV/L_bol = β (L_bol/A_s)^γ (L_X/L_bol)^γ+1

β₁

γ₁

β₂

γ₂

Integration window

Start time yr

Duration yr

Main Figure X-axis

Escape rate vs XUV flux

X-ray luminosity vs time